5 Common Science Misconceptions

Metric Unit Prefixes

Metric or SI (Le Systà ¨me International dUnità ©s) units are based on units of ten. Very large or very small numbers are easier to work with when you can replace any scientific notation with a name or word. The metric unit prefixes are short words that indicate a multiple or fraction of a unit. The prefixes are the same no matter what the unit is, so decimeter means 1/10th of a meter and deciliter means 1/10th of a liter, while kilogram means 1000 grams and kilometer means 1000 meters. Decimal-based prefixes have been used in all forms of the metric system, dating back to the 1790s. The prefixes used today have been standardized from 1960 to 1991 by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures for use in the metric system and the International System of Units (SI). Examples Using Metric Prefixes The distance from City A to City B is 8.0 x 103 meters. From the table, 103 can be replaced with the prefix kilo. Now the distance could be stated as 8.0 kilometers or shortened further to 8.0 km. The distance from Earth to the Sun is approximately 150,000,000,000 meters. You could write this as 150 x 109 m, 150 gigameters or 150 Gm. The width of human hair runs on the order of 0.000005 meters. Rewrite this as 50 x 10-6m, 50 micrometers, or 50 ÃŽ ¼m. Metric Prefixes Chart This table lists common metric prefixes, their symbols, and how many units of ten each prefix is when the number is written out. Prefix Symbol x from 10x Full Form yotta Y 24 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 zetta Z 21 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 exa E 18 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 peta P 15 1,000,000,000,000,000 tera T 12 1,000,000,000,000 giga G 9 1,000,000,000 mega M 6 1,000,000 kilo k 3 1,000 hecto h 2 100 deca da 1 10 base 0 1 deci d -1 0.1 centi c -2 0.01 milli m -3 0.001 micro ÃŽ ¼ -6 0.000001 nano n -9 0.000000001 pico p -12 0.000000000001 femto f -15 0.000000000000001 atto a -18 0.000000000000000001 zepto z -21 0.000000000000000000001 yocto y -24 0.000000000000000000000001 Interesting Metric Prefix Trivia Not all of the metric prefixes that were proposed were adopted. For example, myria- or myrio- (104) and the binary prefixes double- (factor of 2) and demi- (one-half) were originally used in France in 1795, but were dropped in 1960 because they were not symmetrical or decimal. The prefix hella- was proposed in 2010 by UC Davis student Austin Sendek for one octillion (1027). Despite receiving significant support, the Consultative Committee for Units rejected the proposal. Some websites did, however, adopt the prefix, notably Wolfram Alpha and Google Calculator. Because the prefixes are based on units of ten, you dont have to use a calculator to perform conversions between different units. All you need to do is move the decimal point to the left or right or add/subtract exponents of 10 in scientific notation. For example, if you want to convert millimeters to meters, you can move the decimal point three places to the left: 300 millimeters 0.3 meters If you have trouble trying to decide which direction to move a decimal point, use common sense. Millimeters are small units, while a meter is large (like a meter stick), so there should be lots of millimeters in a meter. Converting from a large unit to a smaller unit works the same way. For example, converting kilograms to centigrams, you move the decimal point 5 places to the right (3 to get to the base unit and then 2 more): 0.040 kg 400 cg

Strategic Plan Part 2 Swot Analysis Free Essays

The purpose of this synopsis is to analyze the forces and trends that Green Mountain Coffee Rosters faces relevant to its competitive position. The synopsis will explore external forces such as economic, social, legal and regulatory. The paper will also weigh internal forces such as resources, goals, and intellectual property, as it relates to Green Mountain Coffee Rosters. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Plan Part 2: Swot Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will describe how the company adapts to changes; identify the major issues and opportunities that this company faces with in this synopsis. External Forces and Trends Legal and Regulatory- These forces impact Green Mountain Coffee Rosters daily. In my opinion the one legal or regulatory force GMCR encounters is the Clayton Act. This stands out to me because of all the brands that are under the GMCR banner (Lister, 2012). The Clayton act prohibits board of directors being in position to make decisions for competing companies working under the same corporate banner. The coffee retail market is governed by U. S. ntitrust laws as any other industry. The Federal Trade Commission Act bars dishonest methods of competition, such as misleading information or deceptive business practices (Lister, 2012). The act is aim is to keep each coffee retailer, regardless of whether it sells coffee, honest with the information it provides to consumers about its products, and The Food and Drug Administration monitors all coffee products sold in the U. S. and inspects them to ensure no potentially harmful ingredients are present. Economic- Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates, Pearce Robinson (2009). A potential economic trend is the Hispanics demographic. The ethnic group drinks coffee more than other racial and ethnic groups. They begin drinking coffee earlier than other groups and in their older years are more likely to be exclusive coffee drinkers; and 74 percent of Hispanic-Americans drink coffee daily, twelve percentage points ahead of other Americans. As they become acculturated they mimic the attitudes and behaviors of non-Hispanic coffee drinkers. Competitive Analysis- Since 1981 GMRC has built formidable organization from its humble beginnings as a small cafe in Waitsfield, Vermont. Its positioning strategy thus far has been brilliant, differentiating its brand from other brands in the market. Green Mountain Coffee Rosters used a method of delivering value, strategic relationships and customer segments to wrestle away market from Nestle and other hot beverage manufactures. Internal Forces and Trends Strategy- It appears that GMCR is consistently strategizing. Even with the inevitable expiration of K-Cup pack patent in September 2012. The company is positioning competitively GMCR is attempting to increase its brand’s awareness by partnering with other coffee manufacturers, such as Folgers by supplying K-Cup packs for competitors, GMCR increase awareness of Keurig products with this strategy. Another tactic GMCR is using to combat the expiration of K-Cup pack patent is technology (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). The organization recently machine introduced to the market a mid-high end brewer that provides many more options than regular Keurig machines. Consumer can control the strength of their drink, the temperature at which it is brewed, the amount brewed, and brew many other drinks including cafe beverages (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). This is an opportunity for GMCR to tap into more affluent markets and promote its specialty coffee as a complement to the Keurig Vue. Culture – The culture at GMCR is mindful to the effectiveness of the business. The ideas promote a positive perception in the company from customers, employees, suppliers, and stakeholders. The GMCR focus on establishing cultural environment to ensure everyone effectively knows how to implement the mission, vision, and values set for the organization. Key areas are: GMCR purpose states â€Å"We create the ultimate coffee experience in every life we touch from tree to cup – transforming the way the world understands business† (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). Another notable cultural belief of GMCR is personal excellence quoted this way â€Å"For today and tomorrow. Our competitive strength comes from the continuous improvement of all that we do† (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. , 2012). We actively seek out and apply best practices†. Other principles to support its cultural environment are continuous learning, appreciating differences, shared ownership, and world benefit. Strategic Capabilities – Green Mountain Coffee Rosters imported coffee from 24 countries. This indicates that it has inbound logistics capabilities, such as material control systems, inventory control systems, raw material handling, and warehousing (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). Located in 7 states GMCR operates from three business units: the specialty coffee business unit, which includes Green Mountain Coffee, Barista Prima, Tully’s Coffee, Timothy’s World Coffee, and Coffee People coffee brands; the Keurig Business Unit, where the Keurig single cup brewing system was created; and the Canadian Business Unit, which is responsible for all GMCR sales in Canada and includes the Van Houtte business and Timothy’s brand (Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, 2012). This is also a demonstration of its strategic capabilities. Conclusion Before I analyzed the competitive position of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, I asked could this company do anything wrong? Now at the end of my analysis I ponder the same question. I’m not an expert yet at conducting SWOT analysis, but in my humble opinion one does not conduct a SWOT on a successful firm. I analyzed GMCR objectively and un-bias and still think the company has exceptional competitive positioning strategy The only weakness to me is expiration of K-Cup pack patent in September 2012. Still the organization manages to use the one the counter measure that my professor taught GMCR does. They are practically giving K-Cup packs away, supplying them to any firms that want to use them. For now this prove they can produce the product cheap, showing the competition that it probably not a good strategy to develop a similar product to the K-Cup. ? References Green Mountain Coffee Roasters INC. (2012). Corporate Overview. Retrieved from http://www. gmcr. com/about-GMCR. html Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility Report Fiscal 2011. Retrieved from http://www.com/-/media/sustainability/PDF/CSRreport/GMCRCSRReport. 2011. ashx Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. (2009). Corporate Overview. Retrieved from http://www. gmcr. com/about-GMCR. html Lister, J. (2012). Regulation of Coffee Retail Market in the USA. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_6886008_regulation-coffee-retail-market-usa. html Pearce, J. A. , Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic Management: Formulation, Implementation, and Control (11th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. How to cite Strategic Plan Part 2: Swot Analysis, Essay examples

Organizational Behavior Movie Analysis Oceans Eleven and Twelve Essay Example For Students

Organizational Behavior Movie Analysis Oceans Eleven and Twelve Essay After being released from jail, Danny Ocean organized and leaded a team of 10 other individuals with different specialties to rob the vault that holds more than $150 million for three casinos owned by Terry Benedict in Las Vegas. The task is highly complex due to the tight casino security and had never been done before. 1 The casinos vault is the least accessible vault ever designed. According to Rusty, trying to rob the vault would be like trying to build a house of cards on the deck of a speeding boat ?. Reuben, who funds the robbery, is also the man who invented the casino security system and claims that it cant be beat ?. Other than the vault, watchers, cameras, locks, the casino has enough armed personnel to occupy Paris. The most successful robber had only ran a few steps out of the casino with the money before being killed, and the money was not even from the vault. The security of the casino was also extremely tight and impossible to get past. The casino houses a security system which rivals most nuclear missile silos ?. First the team needed to get through three cages which each had a different six-digit code changed every twelve hours. After that they had to get through the elevators which wouldnt move without authorized fingerprint identification and vocal confirmations from both the security center within the casino and the vault below ?. If they tried to manually override the elevator, they would trigger the motion detectors and be trapped inside. After reaching the vault, there were armed guards and the most elaborate vault door conceived by man ?. If they managed get past all the security, they still needed to figure a way to walk out with 150 million dollars of cash. However, given the unbeatable security system, the team still succeeded in their mission and robbed the vault without being caught. It led us to wonder what exactly was unique of the team that contributed to their success. Hence, we came up with a question to explore: What underlying factors of the team contributed to the accomplishment of such a difficult task? Our team utilized the Team Effectiveness Model as a backbone of our analysis of our determined question, which contained the contextual factors, composition of the team, and the teams processes in accomplishing the task. Context The following three contextual factors contributed to the potential team effectiveness. Adequate Resources: The air ticket outlay, simulation construction expenditure, vehicle payment and other miscellaneous expenses were indispensable in order to rob Benedicts casinos. Without Reubens funding, the task could not even be commenced. Besides the financial support, the timely information about the blueprint of the casinos from Danny and proper explosion equipment provided by Basher were non-financial resources that contributed to the success. Leadership and Structure All team members were equipped with proper abilities and willingness to effectuate the delegated tasks. For instance, Livingston, who was the ex-FBI member, was responsible for the engineering support. Basher, who was a munitions expert, handled the explosion of the vault. In light of the Situational Leadership Theory, leaders can take the hands-off ? approach, without involvement for these able and willing followers. For example, members experience and professionalism could substitute the needs of leaderships instruction and support. Another reason for leadership could be absent from this team owed to the clear structure. There were explicit formalized goals to rob the casino, distinct procedures to sneak into gateways of the casino, and intrinsic motivation of members to stay in the team. Climate of Trust: Each member believed that the others would not take advantage of one another. They were willing to be exposed to vulnerabilities due to their interdependence and the chained ? structure of the task. For example, Dannys installation of explosion device relied on Yens trespass into the vault, which in turn depended on Rustys success in tricking securities to deliver the trolley. Composition Team composition is the mix of people who make up the team. The combination, distribution and complementarity matter. It consists of the ability and personality of team members, allocation of roles, diversity, team size and members flexibility and preferences. Abilities of Members: In the team of Oceans Eleven, every member had different abilities and expertise in their own areas, such as Linus (talented pickpocket), Basher (explosives expert) and Livingston (electronics expert). 2 As mentioned, the tasks in the film were very complex. The high-ability team in the movie unquestionably allowed better flexibility and adaptability. Moreover, both Danny and Rusty were smart leaders, who further enhanced the teams success. Allocation of Roles An effective team has different roles, which are needed to be filled by various members. In Oceans Eleven, Danny acted as a creator since he initiated the crazy idea to steal from the casino vault. Rusty acted like a controller because he enforced rules to ensure the process of the plan, for example, trying to urge Danny to give up when he realized Dannys ex-wife Tess was then Benedicts girlfriend. All members acted as a maintainer to fight external battles. Due to the high complexity of the task and the limited number of team member, multiple roles were essential, especially Danny and Rusty. 3 The two were more skilled and experienced, so they were placed in the central roles to handle more of the work in the team. Moreover, different work assignments were distributed that fit with each members individual strengths. Diversity of Members Diversity was another important factor for the success of the team. In Oceans Eleven, the team consisted of members ranging from old to young, black to white. Despite their difference in surface-level demographics, their deep-level values were very similar as mentioned. As the leaders, Danny and Rusty provided an inspirational common goal, so teams could take advantage from the diversity characteristic. Diversity would impose a negative impact upon a team in the short run. However, the team of Oceans Eleven had known each other and most have worked together before. Therefore, diversity was an advantage to the team. Process Even having the right contextual and compositional factors, the group can only possess a potential group effectiveness. It can only be actualized through a positive process gain. A group with excellent contextual and compositional factors would still fail without a positive process gain. A positive process gain includes a common purpose, specific goals, team efficacy and minimum social loafing. Common Purpose Group effectiveness is largely determined by members commitment to the common purpose. The common purpose of the Oceans Eleven team was straightforward, simply to successfully rob the cash inside Terry Benedicts casino vault. However, the drive behind each members commitment was slightly different. Reasons of their own motivated them to commit fully into the common desired goal. Each member was strongly motivated to achieve their common purpose. With this motivation, they showed high reflexivity and were willing to adapt to different conditions in the plan. Along with the well-structured and thoroughly-discussed plan, the whole team understood the roles of each person and clearly knew what had to be accomplished and how. As a result, each member of the team was able to transcend their personal interests towards the accomplishment of the common goal, and ultimately led to their success. Experimental Aircraft Association: Analysis of a Discourse Community EssayThey recruited another 9 specialists and led the team to put the plan into action. At first, Reuben Tishkoff, the financer of the project, was reluctant to take part because he knew that no one had succeeded in robbing a casino in history. However, he finally decided to join, as he perceived the task as a chance to revenge against Benedict. The task was highly complex due to the tight casino security system. Ryan also discovered during the middle of the task, that Benedicts girlfriend was Oceans ex-wife, and so he urged Ocean to give up the plan. However, Ocean refused. Ocean desperately wanted to win his wifes love back. During the operation, Ocean went to the Bellagio to see Benedict and was consequently locked in a storeroom as planned. Bruiser, which was Oceans friend, was supposed to beat him. Yet, after promising a great deal of money to Bruiser, Ocean was allowed to leave the room via the ventilation shaft. In order to interrupt the normal services of the casino, they stole a device which was used to interrupt the electrical power of the whole Vegas for a few seconds. This allowed them to successfully pass through all the packed security systems. Ryan consequently called Benedict, informing him of empty vault and all the money would be destroyed if he did not cooperate and delivery half of the money to them. Benedict called the S. W. A. T team to secure the vault. However, the SWAT force was actually dubbed by the team, and the image Benedict saw of his vault being robbed on his surveillance system was also faked. In the end, Oceans team successfully walked out of the casino and all other members were able to share the money equally. Most importantly, Ocean won his ex-wifes love and trust back. Appendix B â€Å" Team Members of Oceans Eleven Appendix C â€Å" Allocation of Roles of Oceans Eleven Appendix D The Analysis of Each Members Motivation Towards the Common Purpose Out of the eleven members of the Oceans Eleven team, two of them have set specific yet difficult goals which were both unrelated to money. The leader of the team, Danny Ocean, was freshly out of prison. His ultimate goal and motivation was to reconcile with his ex-wife Tess, which was something difficult to accomplish since Tess hated Danny. In the end of the movie, it was revealed that Dannys motive in robbing the casino was to show Tess that Terry Benedict did not care about her as much as Danny did. Danny was willing to go through all difficulties and challenges to rob a casino to reach his goal. Thus the Goal-Setting Theory can explain his high performance. Reuben Tishkoff was another member of the team with a motivation that was supported by the Goal-Setting Theory. When Danny and Rusty first approached Reuben with their plan of robbing a casino, Reuben immediately refused to participate as he thought it was an insane idea and impossible to be done. However, once Danny and Rusty revealed that they were targeting Terry Benedicts three casinos, Reuben saw that as a great opportunity to take revenge on Terry for demolishing his hotel. This intention motivated him to join the team despite all the difficulties. The need for achievement from McClelands Theory of Needs can explain the motivation behind Rusty Ryan, Saul Bloom and Basher Tarr. Rusty had been a partner of Danny before Danny was imprisoned, and he did not have any chances to be part of exciting projects. He was stuck in a boring job until Danny was released from prison and presented him the idea of robbing casinos. To Rusty money was a great motivation for him to be part of the team, however on top of that he wanted to engage in a new project to escape from boredom and gain satisfaction. Saul was a retired man with enough money to spend, therefore money is not his primary motivation. He claimed that he had changed and was content with his life when Rusty first approached him. In reality, Saul was extremely bored and had no direction of his life. He was convinced to join by Rusty later on. Therefore, he seemed to be motivated by the sense of achievement and satisfaction. Basher was a robber and was motivated by money, but this was not his only motivation. When Rusty approached Basher and invited him to join the project, Basher revealed that he was glad that he could work with professionals again. Before that, Basher was doing robbery projects with people that he considered useless and unskilled. Other than money, Basher was also interested in participating in a challenging project with professionals. Therefore, he joined the team despite the risks and hoped to excel in the project. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs applies to Frank Catton, the Malloy twins and the Amazing ? Yen. When Danny approached Frank at the casino, he seemed eager and asked him whether he was planning a job already. Frank was suffering from a serious case of bronchitis, and was eager to leave Las Vegas. Therefore, he was in need of a large amount of money. The twin brothers, Virgil and Turk Malloy, were the mechanics and drivers of the team. It was revealed in the movie that they were unemployed for six months and were having difficulty to pass time ?. Therefore, they were motivated by money and also to fill in hours by being a part of the team. Yen was a Chinese acrobat in a circus. He was dependent on his skill and his job in the circus. Without other information given, Yen was assumed to be motivated primarily by money. Lastly, Linus Caldwell and Livingston Dells motivation could be explained by Herzbergs Two Factor Theory. Linus father was a legendary con man. His father did not want him to live on his name, so Linus had been looking for the opportunity to prove that he was unique and capable to surpass his father. He was very talented but acknowledged that he was the least experienced out of the whole team. Therefore, the experience that he would gain through the project also motivated him. Livingston was working with the FBI when he was first introduced in the film. However, he was not being respected by the agents and was frustrated. It was apparent that he was motivated by a social need to have recognition and respect. According to the Equity Theory, since the money is equally divided among members and each member is essential to the project, they would consider their inputs and rewards are equally distributed. Therefore, they would be further motivated. According to the Expectancy Theory, members expect to gain rewards after certain performance. In this case it is clearly stated in the beginning that if the money is successfully robbed, they would receive an equal share, and intrinsically they would also expect certain non-financial rewards which they believe would be achieved through this operation. Therefore they were also motivated because of these expectations.